OCR to Production: A Playbook

Lessons learned from building document processing systems that handle millions of documents.

Jun 202515 min read
ocr
production
scaling

OCR to Production: A Playbook


Building OCR systems that work in demos is easy. Building ones that work in production with millions of documents is hard. Here's what I learned the hard way.


The Reality of Real Documents


Demo documents are clean, well-formatted, and high-resolution. Real documents are:

  • Scanned at weird angles
  • Coffee-stained and crumpled
  • Photocopies of photocopies
  • Handwritten notes in margins

  • The Production Stack


    1. Preprocessing Pipeline

  • Image enhancement and deskewing
  • Noise reduction
  • Resolution normalization
  • Format standardization

  • 2. Multi-Model Approach

    Don't rely on a single OCR engine. We use:

  • Tesseract for printed text
  • Cloud Vision API for complex layouts
  • Custom models for domain-specific forms
  • Ensemble voting for confidence

  • 3. Post-Processing Intelligence

    Raw OCR output is messy. You need:

  • Spell checking with domain dictionaries
  • Layout understanding
  • Confidence scoring
  • Error detection and flagging

  • Scaling Challenges


    Performance

  • Async processing with queues
  • Horizontal scaling with containers
  • Caching for repeated documents
  • Progressive quality (fast first pass, detailed second pass)

  • Quality Assurance

  • Human review workflows
  • Confidence thresholds
  • A/B testing different models
  • Continuous accuracy monitoring

  • Cost Management

  • Smart routing to cheapest viable option
  • Batch processing for efficiency
  • Caching to avoid reprocessing
  • Quality vs. cost trade-offs

  • Lessons Learned


  • **Start with the hardest documents first** - If it works on terrible scans, it'll work on everything
  • **Measure everything** - Accuracy, speed, cost per document, human review rates
  • **Build for humans** - Your system will make mistakes; make them easy to fix
  • **Iterate on real data** - Synthetic test data doesn't capture real-world chaos

  • The Bottom Line


    Production OCR is 20% computer vision and 80% engineering. Focus on the engineering.

    Samuel Hu - Software Engineer & Builder